This special standalone PUMA guideline was developed in consultation with the world’s major airway societies to urgently address the ongoing issue of unrecognised oesophageal intubation.

This special article explores the issue of unrecognised oesophageal intubation & the PUMA consensus guideline recommendations from an emergency perspective.

This data in this review reveals the inadequate discriminatory value of clinical examination findings for excluding oesophageal intubation.